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从字面上看，第三方物流是指由与货物有关的发货人和收货人之外的专业企业，即第三方来承担企业物流活动的一种物流形态。在有关专业著作中，将第三方物流供应者定义为“通过合同的方式确定回报，承担货主企业全部或一部分物流活动的企业。所提供的服务形态可以分为与运营相关的服务，与管理相关的服务以及两者兼而有之的服务3种类型。无论哪种形态都必须高于过去的一般运输业者(common carrier)和合同运输业者(contract carrier)所提供的服务。
From the literal point of view, the third party logistics is a logistics form of the logistics activities of the third party, which is a professional enterprise other than the consignor and the consignee. In the relevant professional works, the third party logistics providers are defined as "enterprises that determine the return by contract and undertake all or part of the logistics activities of the owner's enterprise." The forms of services can be divided into 3 types: operation related services, management related services, and both services. Any form must be higher than the services provided by common carrier and contract carrier.

第三方物流企业的利润从哪里来?从本质上讲来源于现代物流管理科学的推广所产生的新价值，也就是我们经常提到的第三利润的源泉。第三方物流则是站在货主的立场上，以货主企业的物流合理化为设计系统和系统运营管理的目标，争取客户利润最大化。第三方物流企业的经营效益是直接同货主企业物流效率、物流服务水平以及物流系统效果紧密联系在一起的，是利益一体化。并不是一方多赚一分钱，另一方就少赚一分钱的传统交易方式，为客户节约的物流成本越多，利润率就越高，这与传统的经营方式有本质不同。
Where does the profit of the third party logistics come from? In essence, the new value derived from the promotion of modern logistics management science is the source of the third profit that we often mention. The third party logistics is to stand on the standpoint of the owner, rationalize the logistics of the cargo owners as the target of the design system and the system operation management, and strive for the maximization of the customer's profit. The operating efficiency of the third party logistics enterprises is closely related to the logistics efficiency, the level of logistics service and the effect of the logistics system, which is the integration of interests. It is not the traditional way of making one penny, and the other side makes less money. The more the cost of logistics is saved for the customers, the higher the profit rate is, which is essentially different from the traditional way of operation.

故笔者认为：第三方物流是第三方物流提供者在特定的时间段内按照特定的价格向使用者提供的个性化的系列物流服务，是企业之间联盟关系。
Therefore, the author believes that the third party logistics is a series of personalized logistics services provided by the third party logistics providers in a specific time period to the users according to the specific price. It is the alliance relationship between the enterprises.

首先，第三方物流是合同导向的一系列服务。第三方物流有别于传统的外协，外协只限于一项或一系列分散的物流功能，如运输公司提供运输服务、仓储公司提供仓储服务，第三方物流则根据合同条款规定的要求，而不是临时需求，提供多功能，甚至全方位的物流服务。依照国际惯例，服务提供者在合同期内按提供的物流成本加上需求方毛利额的20％收费。
First of all, the third party logistics is a series of services guided by contracts. The third party logistics is different from the traditional outsourcing, which is limited to one or a series of distributed logistics functions, such as transportation companies providing transportation services, warehousing companies providing warehousing services, and third party logistics according to the requirements stipulated in the contract terms, rather than temporary demand, providing multi-functional and even omni-directional logistics services. According to international practice, the service provider will charge 20% of the gross profit margin of the demand party in accordance with the logistics cost provided during the contract period.

第二，第三方物流是企业之间联盟关系。第三方物流的企业之间充分共享信息，这就要求双方能相互信任，才能达到比单独从事物流活动所能取得更好的效果，而且，从物流服务提供者的收费原则来看，它们之间是共担风险、共享收益；再者，企业之间所发生的关联既非仅一两次的市场交易，又在交易维持了一定的时期之后，可以相互更换交易对象，在行为上，各自不完全采取导致自身利益最大化的行为，也不完全采取导致共同利益最大化的行为，只是在物流方面通过契约结成优势相当、风险共担、要素双向或多向流动的中间组织，因此，企业之间是物流联盟关系。
Second, the third party logistics is the alliance between enterprises. The full sharing of information between the third party logistics enterprises requires the mutual trust between the two parties in order to achieve better results than the individual logistics activities. Moreover, from the principle of charging the logistics service providers, they are the shared risk, the shared income, and the association between the enterprises. Not only one or two market transactions, but also after the transaction has been maintained for a certain period of time, the exchange of trade objects can be replaced by each other. In behavior, they do not fully adopt the behavior that leads to the maximization of their own interests, and they do not fully adopt the behavior that leads to the maximization of common interests. Therefore, enterprises are the alliance of logistics alliance.

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